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Radburn: Walkways, Pedestrian Traffic
A planned community in Fair Lawn, New Jersey, Radburn has a system of walkways to encourage pedestrian traffic. This 1979 photograph shows walkways in use on a rainy afternoon. The fronts of homes in Radburn face the walkways, while the backs are on…
Radburn: Walkways and Public Parks
Radburn, a planned community inspired by England’s Garden Cities, emphasized common areas, like this walkway and park, and allocated a minimal amount of land to individual homes. While walkways may have had some environmental impact by encouraging…
Radburn: Cul-de-sac
Drawing influence from England’s Garden Cities, the planners of Radburn separated streets for motor vehicles from pedestrian routes. To encourage pedestrian traffic, and to create harmony between residents and nature, the rear of the houses face the…
Radburn: Howard Ave & Brearly Crescent
Radburn, a planned community that was founded in 1929, was based on England’s Garden Cities. This photograph was taken on Howard Ave, named for Sir Ebeneezer Howard, whose 1898 publication Garden Cities of To-morrow influenced urban planners to…
Radburn: Walkways, Planned Community
The planners of Radburn, influenced by England’s Garden Cities, intended pedestrian walkways to be the main method of transportation. This is illustrated in this 1970 photograph showing the front of a home in Radburn facing one of the walkways. The…
Radburn: Walkway Entrance
The entrance to one of Radburn’s walkways is shown in this 1970 photograph. The use of walkway’s separates pedestrian traffic from motorized traffic, and has had energy saving consequences, encouraging residents to walk for local travel rather than…
Radburn: Pedestrian Roads
Radburn is a unique planned community that separates motorized transportation from pedestrian traffic. In this 1979 photograph Smolski shows a section of the pedestrian road that passes a swimming pool. Radburn was influenced by England’s Garden…
Radburn: Parks, Planned Community
Radburn, a planned community in New Jersey, has over 23 acres of parks within it’s boundaries. The planners felt that with this much open space, residents wouldn’t need large yards, and therefore the homes are very close together, and relatively…
Radburn: Planned Community Baseball Field
Radburn is a planned community founded in 1929. It was designed to separate traffic by mode, utilizing a pedestrian path system that does not cross any major road. Radburn has 23 acres of interior parks, including this hardball field, one of three…
Radburn: Entrance in Fair Lawn, NJ
Radburn is a planned community in New Jersey that was influenced by England’s Garden Cities. It was founded in 1929. Ironically it was billed as, “a town for the motor age,” but modern vehicles, and families owning multiple vehicles were not…
Winchester Cathedral: Interior, Nave
The nave of Winchester Cathedral is the longest of the medieval cathedrals in England. The nave was remodeled in 1394, and the original Norman style was modified as the building evolved into that of the gothic and Romanesque styles.
Winchester Cathedral: Cheyney Court
The Porter’s Lodge and Cheyney’s court at Winchester Cathedral, both 15th century constructions, are wonderful examples of half-timber architecture. Cheyney Court was the home of the Bishop’s court in the medieval days. Presently it is the home for…
Winchester Cathedral: East End
The eastern end of Winchester Cathedral photographed from a garden off of Colebrook St. The Winchester Cathedral has the longest nave of all the medieval cathedrals in England. This view show’s the cathedral’s gothic style architecture. While the…
Winchester Cathedral: Buttresses
Winchester Cathedral is one of the largest cathedrals in England. This image shows the massive buttresses that support this stone cathedral. Winchester Cathedral, known for being the longest of the medieval cathedrals in Britian, is also a popular…
Letchworth Garden City: Town Center
Letchworth was one of the first of England’s “new towns,” and Sir Ebeneezer Howard’s first Garden City. While living in the United States, Howard was influenced by the poet Walt Whitman, among others, to tackle the problems of urban life. His idea…
Welwyn: Sir Ebeneezer Howard Memorial
This memorial to Sir Ebeneezer Howard sits within Welwyn Garden City, founded in 1920. Howard’s 1898 publication, Garden Cities of To-morrow, lead to the development of garden cities in which people live harmoniously with nature. Welwyn Garden City…
Kirkby: Low-Income/Substandard Housing
This image shows low-income housing in Kirkby, a town in the Metropolitan county Merseyside. This slide is labeled as ‘slum housing’. Kirkby, which was once largely farmland, experienced massive growth following the destruction in Liverpool during…
Swindon: Residential Neighborhood, Chirst Church
This photograph shows the town of Swindon in Wiltshire county. Since being named an Expander Town in 1952, Swindon has experienced significant growth, and the density of the residential neighborhoods is illustrated here. Smolski acknowledges this,…
Stevenage: Franta Belsky, “Joyride”, 1958 Public Sculpture
This bronze statue, entitled “Joyride” was made by Franta Belsky, who moved to England from Czechloslavakia in 1938. The modern statue, a mother playfully carrying her child, was unveiled in 1958 in the Stevenage Town Square. Stevenage is one of…
Stevenage: Town Center and Clock Tower
Town center in Stevenage photographed in 1969. Opened in 1959, this business area has at it’s focal point the clock tower, made well known by the 1967 British comedy “Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush” and dedicated in memorial to Lewis Silkin,…
Brasilia: Sunrise Toward Esplanade, 6:00 AM
The silhouettes of Oscar Niemeyer’s public architecture create the horizon of this Brasilia sunset photographed by Chet Smolski in 1974. Niemeyer’s distinctly shaped buildings are a symbol of Brasilia. Note the top of the Catedral de Brasilia…
Brasilia: East View from TV Tower, Government Buildings
This east facing view of Brasilia was photographed from the TV Tower. This photograph illustrates the layout of the city, which was planned in the shape of a bird. At the center of the photograph is the National Congress Building, with it’s twin…
Brasilia: Map of Pilot Plan
This 1969 map of Brasilia show’s the bird-like shape of the city as designed by Lucia Costa. He was hired by President Juscelino Kubitschek to design the city in what had previously been a waste land with scarce water, animals, plants or people.
Brasilia: Saint Statue at Catedral de Brasilia, National Congress Building
From the Catedral de Brasilia, this photograph looks west toward the National Congress Building. In the foreground is one of the statues, distinctly modernist that line the entry to the Catedral. Both the Catedral de Brasilia and the National…
Brasilia: National Congress Building at Sunrise
Designed by Oscar Niemeyer, the National Congress Building is a masterpiece among the many of his works in the Brazilian modernist style. This unique layout separates the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies into two separate semi-speherical…
Brasilia: West on Monumental Axis
This photograph looks west on Brasilia’s Monumental Axis under the overpasses of the North and South Roads, where the bus and subway terminals are located. Smolski notes on the slide the choice to install roundabouts rather than traffic signals.
Brasilia: Commercial Street, Local Shopping
Brasilia is a planned city that has been both criticized as a failed utopia acclaimed as a masterpiece of modernist architecture. The city is mapped out into sections forming the shape of a bird or airplane. This photograph is taken in one of…
Brasilia: East from TV Tower
This photograph faces south east across Brasilia’s Monumental Access. The photograph was taken from the TV Tower. Prominent in the left middle ground is the Praça dos Aposentados, a housing complex for retired persons. Just behind that is the…
Brasilia: South Across Monumental Axis, Night
This south facing view of Brasilia looks across the ‘wings’ of the city into the planned residential neighborhoods. The modernist architecture, designed by Oscar Niemeyer, dominates the city. In the foreground of the photograph is a subway station…
Brasilia: West View on Monumental Axis
Looking west down Brasilia’s Monumental Axis Smolski capture’s an array of modernist architecture. Of note, to the left is Correios, the national headquarters for Brazil’s postal service. Prominent in the center right of the photograph is Brasilia’s…
Indianapolis: Indiana Avenue Apartments
Indiana Avenue Apartments photographed from University Place Hotel at IUPUI campus in Indianapolis. The Indiana Avenue Apartments are public housing managed by the Indianapolis Housing Agency (IHA).
Indianapolis: Skyline from New York Street
This east facing view down W New York St. shows the Indianapolis’ skyline rising up from the flat midwestern landscape. The state’s two tallest buildings, the Chase Tower and the One America Tower are pictured in the center.
Indianapolis: IUPUI Campus, Indiana; University Place Hotel
This photograph shows the integration of Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis campus with the University Place Hotel in downtown Indianapolis. Cavanaugh Hall, at frame left, is home of Indiana University’s School of Liberal Arts. Between…
Indianapolis: Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument
The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ monument was designed by Bruno Schmitz, a German architect, for the city of Indianapolis. The building houses a basement Civil War Museum. There is an observation deck at the top that can be reached by climbing 330 stairs,…
Indianapolis: White River State Park
Indianapolis’ White River State Park was built around the site of the Central Canal, a failed canal venture from the early nineteenth century. Since the restoration in the 1980s, the park has become the cultural center of the city and is considered…
Indianapolis: Crowne Plaza Hotel at Indianapolis Union Station, Interior
Interior photograph of the Crowne Plaza Hotel at Indianapolis Union Station. The hotel is located in the train shed which was completed in 1915. Following World War II the station saw rapidly declining numbers in passanger service fell increasing to…
Indianapolis: One America Tower from State Capitol
Photographed from the lawn of the Indian State Capitol is the One America Building, the state’s tallest building from 1982 to 1990 when it was surpassed by the Chase Tower. At the left of the photograph is an example of the Neoclassical facade of the…
Indianapolis: Union Station and Pan America Plaza
Thomas Rodd’s design of Indianapolis Union Station shows influence of noted architect Henry Hobson Richardson. Also shown here is the Pan American Plaza, built in 1987 to commemorate the Pan American Games held in town. The Union Station still serves…
Indianapolis: One America Tower, Skyline from Chase Tower
This photograph is believed to be taken from the Chase Tower. Completed in 1990, the Chase Tower (at the time known as the Bank One Tower), at 830 feet, surpassed the One America Tower (pictured, left) as the tallest building in the state. The One…
Indianapolis: Skyline from IUPUI
The Indianapolis skyline as seen from Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis. The campus serves both universities as an urban campus in Indianapolis. This photo was likely taken from University Place Hotel and shows the IUPUI conference…
Indianapolis: White River State Park, Central Canal
This photograph shows the site of the Central Canal, a proposed 296 mile canal that was to connect Peru to Evansville where it would then meet the Ohio River.The canal was aborted after the state fell into bankruptcy in 1939. This 1993 photograph…
Indianapolis: State House
Viewed from the south side, this photograph of Indiana’s State House shows the Italian Renaissance style dome and Neoclassical facade that makes this building one of the finest example of Neoclassical architecture in the state. The building was…
Indianapolis: State House
The Indiana State House is the fourth structure to house the Indiana government, and has been the current State House since 1887, a year before the buildings formal completion. Designed by Edwin May in 1878, the building utilizes an extended Greek…
Indianapolis: Market Square Arena
This is an aerial shot of Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana in the early 1990s. The arena was completed in 1974, closed in 1999, and demolished in 2001. It was Indiana's primary concert venue until its demolition, hosting acts such as…
Miami Beach: South Beach, Aerial
This aerial view shows most of Miami Beach’s South Beach neighborhood, including the famous Collins Avenue hotels. Also visible is the Miami Beach Golf Club, the Miami Beach Convention Center and many of the apartment style residents in South Beach.…
Miami Beach: Biscayne Point
Biscayne Point in Miami Beach is a residential neighborhood made up of three man made islands in Biscayne Bay. The Biscayne Point islands are a part of the North Beach, which is the are north of 63rd Ave and Collins. This aerial photograph looks down…
Miami: Industrial Park, Aerial
This industrial park in Miami is likely located on the western outskirts of town, where most of Miami’s warehouses and stone quarrying industries are located, extending into neighboring suburbs Doral and Hialeah.
Miami: South District Wastewater Treatment Plant
The South District Wastewater Treatment Plant is located just south of Miami. This aerial photograph was taken in 1978 shows the plant in its early stages of construction. Today, plans are underway to reclaim the water that comes out of the plant in…
Virginia Gardens
Virginia Gardens is a Village in Dade County that broke away from neighboring town Miami Springs in 1947 after a disagreement over a ban on horses. This 1978 photograph shows the town hall and community center of Virginia Gardens. The village takes…
Key Biscayne, Miami: Aerial Photo
This west facing aerial photograph shows Key Biscayne and, on the horizon, Downtown Miami. Seen here on Key Biscayne is Crandon Park and Crandon Park Golf Course. Crandon Beach was formally a zoo, but is now a park where creatures like turtles,…